04.数据类型、变量、常量、宏定义
约 719 字大约 2 分钟
基本数据类型
int：整数类型
short：短整数类型
long：长整数类型
long long：长长整数类型
char：字符类型，通常为一个字节大小，表示单个字符
signed char：有符号字符类型
unsigned char：无符号字符类型
float：单精度浮点数类型
double：双精度浮点数类型
long double：扩展精度浮点数类型
变量
<类型> <变量名>;
常量
#define 常量名 值
const 类型 常量名 = 值;
宏定义
#define 宏名称 替换值
typedef 声明
1.使用 typedef 为一个已有的类型取一个新的名字
typedef <已存在的数据类型> <新的数据类型名称>;
typedef type newname;
2.用于定义复杂的数据类型
typedef struct {
int x;
int y;
} Point;
枚举类型
enum 枚举名{
标识符[=整型常数],
标识符[=整型常数],
...
标识符[=整型常数]
} 枚举变量;
数据类型的大小 ( C++ )
#include<iostream>
#include <limits>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout << "type: \t\t" << "************size**************"<< endl;
cout << "bool: \t\t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(bool);
cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<bool>::max)();
cout << "\t\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<bool>::min)() << endl;
cout << "char: \t\t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(char);
cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<char>::max)();
cout << "\t\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<char>::min)() << endl;
cout << "signed char: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(signed char);
cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<signed char>::max)();
cout << "\t\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<signed char>::min)() << endl;
cout << "unsigned char: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(unsigned char);
cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned char>::max)();
cout << "\t\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned char>::min)() << endl;
cout << "wchar_t: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(wchar_t);
cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<wchar_t>::max)();
cout << "\t\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<wchar_t>::min)() << endl;
cout << "short: \t\t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(short);
cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<short>::max)();
cout << "\t\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<short>::min)() << endl;
cout << "int: \t\t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(int);
cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<int>::max)();
cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<int>::min)() << endl;
cout << "unsigned: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(unsigned);
cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned>::max)();
cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned>::min)() << endl;
cout << "long: \t\t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(long);
cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<long>::max)();
cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<long>::min)() << endl;
cout << "unsigned long: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(unsigned long);
cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned long>::max)();
cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned long>::min)() << endl;
cout << "double: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(double);
cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<double>::max)();
cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<double>::min)() << endl;
cout << "long double: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(long double);
cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<long double>::max)();
cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<long double>::min)() << endl;
cout << "float: \t\t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(float);
cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<float>::max)();
cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<float>::min)() << endl;
cout << "size_t: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(size_t);
cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<size_t>::max)();
cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<size_t>::min)() << endl;
cout << "string: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(string) << endl;
// << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<string>::max)() << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<string>::min)() << endl;
cout << "type: \t\t" << "************size**************"<< endl;
return 0;
}